Introduction   Glycerol, also known as glycerin or glycerine, is a naturally occurring compound found in all lipids (fats) in the body. It is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid. Structurally, glycerol is a triol, meaning it has three hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups make glycerol an excellent humectant, meaning it attracts and retains moisture. This property makes...

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a class of fatty acids with fewer than six carbons. They are produced through the fermentation of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota and play a crucial role in maintaining gut health. SCFAs, primarily acetate, propionate, and butyrate, serve as energy sources for colonic epithelial cells, modulate the immune system, and influence the gut-brain axis. Despite...